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The effect of bubbles on sound propagation in the ocean has long been known. More recently, bubbles rising to the ocean surface have been related to salt nuclei in clouds. Yet due to the lack of suitable instrumentation little data are available on the concentration of bubbles in the ocean. A one-dimensional standing wave system was constructed and evaluated to determine bubble concentrations by measuring the effect of bubbles on the system damping constant (Q" ). The system was comprised of a mylar electrostatic transducer built into a plane reflector facing a parallel reflecting plate, and associated electronic components. The system was designed to measure bubbles of radius from approxiniately 500 microns to "^O microns utilizing frequencies from 20 to 100 kHz at depths to 30 meters. The system accuracy was determined 3 to be + lOHz in resonant bandwidth corresponding to 500 bubbles/m at 6/ kHz. The system was used to successfully measure bubbles in a laboratory tank.

Development and testing of an acoustic system for in situ determination of microbubble concentrations in the ocean