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Archaeological excavations were undertaken in 1965 on the waterfront at Ventura, California, at the site designated as Ven-3. Cabrillo had visited this village in 1 542 and named it Pueblo de las Canoas, and later sea and land explorers have also left descriptions. It was said to be a capital of the Chumash Indians who called it Shisholop. Historical records are reviewed. The site was probably settled about A.D. 1000, reached its maximum development about 1 500, and declined rapidly in the early Mission period. Artifacts of shell, stone, and bone are analyzed, and food remains identified. Within the aboriginal assemblage, shell items predominate, followed by flaked stone tools. Two features, one burial, and 31 pottery fragments are described. Cultural affinities to other Chumash sites are suggested. Appendix A presents the first effort to use intensive collection and identification of fish otoliths as an aid to archaeological research. The study yielded a list of 45 fish species, plus implications about Indian fishing methods. Together with data from the shell analysis, comparison of net edible proteins indicates that fish were more important in the Chumash diet than molluscs. Appendix B describes further excavation of a portion of the same site which became available to study in 1967. Additional artifacts were recovered, two more stone features, and one additional species of fish. Both the artifact collection and the midden analysis confirm that this area was a homogeneous part of the same site. Review of the coastal erosion within the last millennium reveals that what remained to be excavated at Shisholop was actually only the northernmost remnant of the village. Since the recovery of artifacts and food remains, even in this peripheral area, was higher than that in other Chumash sites, the excavations validated the size and importance of Shisholop as reported in the early historical accounts.

A coastal Chumash village: excavation of Shisholop, Ventura County, California