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To evaluate the potential of fungi from Darband cave, Semnan, Iran, for valuable antibacterial and anticancer agents, molecular screening was done against polyketides (PKS); the source for numerous diverse secondary metabolites. Fungi were isolated from soil and sludge. The antibacterial activity of the isolates was studied against indicator bacteria by well diffusion agar method, and analyzed by PCR for PKS genes. The positive strains were compared for toxicity against indicators and A549 cells. Production of antibacterial agents was investigated in 26 days followed by partial purification of the agents. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses were done to reveal the nature of the toxin(s). The isolates exhibited the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. Three isolates selected for further studies based on the yellow culture broth, the presence of PKS, and antibacterial activity. The strains were identified as Penicillium chrysogenum using 18s rDNA analyzing. The yellow culture, 87% identity of the PKS 12/ PKS 13, the results of HPLC, and the toxic effects against certain bacteria and A549 cells confirmed the production of the sorbicillinoid in P. chrysogenum strains; DDFCC170 and DDFCC186. The partially-purified antibacterialanticancer agents named as AnBa170 and AnBa186 exhibited bactericide effect on S. aureus and B. cereus. These compounds killed A549 cells with an IC50 value of 0.25 μM and 0.22 μM respectively. AnBa170 and AnBa186 are attractive for pharmaceutical industries. Based on the literature, the cytotoxicity of sorbicillinoids against tumor cells and bacteria is related to their oxidation capacity.

Isolating sorbicilin-producing fungi from Darband cave and evaluating the sorbicilin biomedical applications