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Stemphylium is a genus of filamentous ascomycetes comprising plant pathogens and saprobes in the family Pleosporaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Species of Stemphylium are known from a broad range of plant hosts including a variety of agricultural crops. This paper briefly discusses the occurrence of pathogenic isolates of Stemphylium on different host species, pathogenicity, disease severity, distribution and molecular phylogenetic affinities of pathogenic isolates of Stemphylium. Background Stemphylium Wallr. is a genus of filamentous ascomycetes comprising plant pathogens and saprobes in the family Pleosporaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycetes). The genus Stemphylium was proposed by Wallroth (1833) with S. botryosum Wallr. as the type species. About 200 published names currently represent recognizable taxa of Stemphylium (Woudenberg et al. 2017, Index Fungorum 2018). Stemphylium is a monophyletic genus, which comprises both saprophytic and plant pathogenic species with worldwide distribution (Köhl et al. 2009, Crous et al. 2016, Woudenberg et al. 2017). The genus can be distinguished from other dematiaceous hyphomycetes by its phaeodictyospores produced by the percurrent proliferation of its conidiophores, and by apically swollen conidiogenous cells (Crous et al. 2016, Woudenberg et al. 2017). The sexual morph of Stemphylium, is Pleospora which is a polyphyletic genus (Woudenberg et al. 2017). The type species of Pleospora, Pleospora herbarum, has Stemphylium herbarum as asexual morph (Simmons 1985), but several other Pleospora spp. have been linked to different asexual genera such as Alternaria, Coniothyrium and Bipolaris (Inderbitzin et al. 2009, De Gruyter et al. 2009, Ariyawansa et al. 2015, Crous & Groenewald 2017). The use of Stemphylium over Pleospora has been recommended by the Working Group on Dothideomycetes of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Fungi (Rossman et al. 2015). Stemphylium species are successful colonisers of decaying plant tissues (Hudson 1971, Köhl et al. 2009) and well known as plant pathogens (Falloon et al. 1987, Prados-Ligero et al. 1998, Basallote et al. 1993, Leuprecht 1990, Koike et al. 2001, Crous et al. 2016, Woudenberg et al. 2017). Plant Pathology & Quarantine 8(2): 153–164 (2018) ISSN 2229-2217 www.ppqjournal.org Article Doi 10.5943/ppq/8/2/7 Copyright © Agriculture College, Guizhou University

Are pathogenic isolates of Stemphylium host specific and cosmopolitan?