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This study was designed to observe the effect of small organic chemicals on the production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites by an endophytic strain of Aspergillus niger isolated from the roots of Terminalia catappa Linn. (Tropical-almond, Combretaceae). The fungus was cultured for 6 days at 25°C in static condition in potato dextrose broth (PDB), supplemented with 1% acetone, 1% DMSO, 1% ethanol, and 1μM 5-azacytidine. The ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results of HPLC analysis showed increased content of many compounds in PDB culture supplemented with 5-azacytidine, while supplementation with acetone led to a new compound at retention time (RT≈35.87 min), as well as DMSO, and ethanol (RT≈38.05 min). The GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of untreated A.niger showed the presence of 6 volatile metabolites of which oxalic acid, isobutyl propyl ester was the most abundant compound (60.79%). The chromatographic profile of extracts from A. niger cultured with acetone, DMSO, ethanol and 5-azacytidine showed 12, 16, 14 and 13 volatile compounds respectively. Cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde,3,3-dimethyl-5-oxowas the most abundant compound representing 58.21%, 40.12% and 64.38% in acetone, DMSO and ethanol supplemented cultures extracts respectively. For the 5-azacytidine treated fungus, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)(26.91%) and tetradecanoic acid, 12-methyl-, methylester (21.35%) were the most abundant. In addition, a new unidentified compound was detected in the extract of 5-azacytidine treated fungus. This study highlights the potential of small organic chemicals to increase the yield and to stimulate the production of new secondary metabolites by A. niger.

Stimulation of the production of new volatile and non-volatile metabolites by endophytic Aspergillus niger using small organic chemicals