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Cardiovascular diseases represent a considerable cause of death among patients with transplanted kidney. The study was aimed at defining risk factors, pathogenic progression mechanisms for cardiovascular diseases and pointing at clinical importance for early detection and timely treatment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with transplanted kidney. Expert papers and clinical studies dealing with etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with transplanted kidney were analyzed. Increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with transplanted kidney is the consequence of high prevalence of traditional risk factors (obesity, cigarette smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus), risk factors due to status of transplantation and its treatment (immunosuppressive agents, graft rejection, viral infections (cytomegalovirus) and risk factors due to chronic reduction of allograft (anemia, volume strain stress, hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress, secondary hyperparathyroidism, microinflammation). Left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease and heart weakness bear the highest prevalence among cardiovascular diseases. Early detection of disease in patients with increased risk for progression of cardiovascular diseases enables optimization and individualization of immunosu-ppressive therapy, reaching aimed values for cardiovascular risk factors, all with the view to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, increase of allograft survival and better life quality of patients with transplanted kidney.

Risk factors for development of cadiovascular diseases in patients with transplanted kidney