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The utilization of local waste by-products as a building material has attracted great attention for an environmental sustainability and become a fundamental part of sustainable construction. In this experimental research, the local palm oil industrial waste and agricultural waste are utilized for the green mortar production. To examine the compressive strength and the durability performance of the green mortar mixtures, Palm oil boiler clinker (POBC) was used as a substitution material for natural fine aggregate. An ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced by rice husk ash (RHA) and calcium bentonite (CB) in the proportion of 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of cement. The compressive strength, water absorption, porosity, durability against sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate attacks, and microstructures of the POBC mortar mixtures were evaluated at the curing age of 7, 28, and 56 days. The experimental results revealed that the compressive strength, water absorption, porosity, and durability characteristics of POBC mortar incorporating RHA and CB were improved by long-term curing. Particularly, the 56-day POBC mortar incorporating up to 30% of RHA and 10% of CB yielded the superior durability against sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate attacks.

Compressive strength and durability performance of mortar containing palm oil boiler clinker aggregate, rice husk ash, and calcium bentonite