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There was considerable development in the communist period when the railway was the principal means of transport to support a programme of rapid industrialization. New construction took place in many areas, but mainly to open up raw material sources rather than improve the connectivity of the system through additional routes across the Carpathians. Great efforts were also made to widen track and electrify the heavily-used lines along with modernization of both motive power and rolling stock to sustain economic growth based on a network of key centers with limited spread to backward areas. Many new projects remain outstanding despite some transfer from road to rail transport during the 1980s and significant future completions are now unlikely. The paper also reviews the expansion of narrow-gauge forestry lines that were essential in the early post-war years before road transport was developed. The Vâlcea case shows how rail systems were extended across challenging terrain and although they were almost all closed by 1965 they form a significant part of Romania’s railway age.

Romania’s railway development 1950-1989: Changing priorities for socialist construction