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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for the greatest morbidity and mortality rates in the world, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebral ischemic attack are its main manifestations. Risk factors that contribute to the development of the disease are widely known, but there remains the question of whether a higher number of risk factors explains more serious illnesses, or if the isolated impact of a risk factor could also be determinant in patients. Objective: The study correlates the risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and patients undergoing angioplasty and / or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) due to critical injuries, clarifying the role of classic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and analyzing if factors such as gender, marital status and education level are related to a greater presence of these risk factors. Methods: We used questionnaires of risk factors for CVD with patients at the Hemodynamics Department and Cardiac Surgery Charity Hospital Portuguese São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil, followed by statistical analysis. Results: In our sample most patients showed two risk factors for CVD, and hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus were the most prevalent ones in this population. Conclusion: The study confirmed that the role of classic risk factors in cardiovascular disease is not a myth but a reality, especially when patients with fewer risk factors presented obstructive situations similarly to patients with more risk factors. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2016;29(5):378-384)

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Critical Coronary Lesions: Myth or Reality?