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Integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), when well-managed, contributes to the maintenance of soil fertility and crop development. Practices aimed at efficiency of phosphorus use can result in economic and environmental benefits. Thus, the anticipation of phosphate fertilization may be a viable strategy for soybean crop. The objective of this study was to determine the yield, accumulation of P and P use efficiency (PUE) on the dry biomass and grains of the soybean crop, submitted to doses and sources of P, applied annually on soil surface, at the time of sowing of the winter crop. The experiment was started in 2009, in Castro-PR, under a Typic Dystrudept. The experimental design was completely randomized complete blocks,  in an incomplete factorial scheme  (3x3+1) with four replications. The treatments consisted of four doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha -1 of total P 2 O 5 ) and three sources (triple superphosphate, rock phosphate – Arad and magnesium thermophosphate) of P. There were no interactions between P sources and doses for the attributes: grain yield (GY), shoot dry matter (SDM), weight of thousand seeds (WTS), P accumulation in soybean (PAS), P concentration in soybean grains (PCSG), PUE and P in residual dry mass (PRDM). Linear increases were observed in GY, SDM, WTS, PCSG and PRDM and quadratic increases in PAS and PUE. The sources of P employed in this study did not change GY, SDM, TSW, PAS, PCSG, PUE and PRDM.

Phosphorus use in soybean in integrated production system under anticipation of phosphate fertilization