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Conventional vaccination is oriented toward the prevention of disease in individuals capable of developing normal immune responses . A new model of vaccination employing two mic­ roorganisms has been developed in our Institute for the immunotherapy and immunopro­ phylaxis of two diseases , leprosy and leishmaniasis . Both of these diseases are characterized by a spectrum of clinical and histopathological manifestations . The microorganisms causing leprosy and leishmaniasis are both intracellular pathogens in the human host , infecting principally cel ls of macrophage l ineage ; there is abundant evi­ dence that will not be reviewed here demonstrating that effective protective immunity to both pathogens depends upon T-lymphocyte mediated reactivity . The clinical and immunological variations in human disease among different patients undoubtedly depend upon multiple fac­ tors , probably the most important of which is a variable degree of antigen-specific deficency in the development of effective cell-mediated immunity (CMI) by the host . The vaccination model which has been developed and evaluated in our studies is oriented toward correcting this antigen-specific deficiency in affected patients through the presentation of heat-inac­ tivated specific and non-specific antigens of the infective microorganism together with viable BCG. Both immunotherapeutic and immuno-prophylactic applications of this model are dis­ cussed in this paper.

The development of a vaccination model using two microorganisms and its application in leprosy and leishmaniasis