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The Journal of Animal Genetics (2018) 46, 69–72 INTRODUCTION Silky fowl (Gallus gallus var. domesticus) is so named in English because of its silky plumage. Silky fowl are distinct from other chicken breeds with their silky plumage; purple-colored skin; bluish meat; purpleto dark bluecolored wattles, beaks, and combs; green earlobes; a slightly upward pointing fifth hind toe; and beards and feathering on the feet. The average weight is 1.2 kg, which is slightly smaller than the other chickens, and the meat is firm and lean. Production efficiency is extremely low as only 50 to 200 laying eggs per year are produced. The meat and eggs are traded at high prices as a raw material in Chinese herbal medicine and as a health food good for nourishment tonics. In addition, Silky fowl have been kept as pets due to their unusual appearance. Internal hyperpigmentation has been observed in various organs of Silky fowl: perimysium of the muscle, the surface of bones, trachea, mesentery, digestive canals, ovary, and testis. Such visceral pigmentation is extremely rare in higher vertebrates (Muroya et al. 2000). Nozaki and Makita (1998) measured the surface color of major tissues in Silky fowl and White Leghorn and found a marked difference in color between Silky fowl and White Leghorn cerebrum, skin, and buttock muscles, but there was no difference between kidney and cardiac muscle color. However, it is not yet clear whether melanin pigments are biosynthesized in those tissues or transported from other tissues. The synthesis of mammalian melanin is carried out in the melanosome of melanocytes. There are two kinds of melanin pigments, “Eumelanin,” a black/brown type and “Pheomelanin,” a red/yellow type. When exposed to ultraviolet rays, melanin pigment is formed at the melanocyte, and the skin becomes black. Currently, tyrosinase (TYR) and two enzymes called tyrosinase-related proteins, dihydroxy indolcarboxylic acid oxidase (DHICA oxidase (tyrosinase-related protein 1; TYRP1) and DOPAchrome tautomerase (tyrosinase-related protein 2; TYRP2) are related to melanin pigment synthesis in 〔Original Paper〕

Gene expression of melanocyte related genes in Silky fowl