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Groundwater behavior has been analyzed by using simulators that treat saturated-unsaturated Darcian flow in subsurface porous media. However, viewing from the large-scale and long-term modeling, the behavior of surface/river flow should be considered and simulated adequately together with groundwater flow. It is required to get reproductivity and predictability of simulation, especially when artificial activities are involved. For realizing coupled simulation of surface and subsurface fluids flow, the authors derived equations that can merge the nonlinear form of Manning's law for surface flow into the general frame of 2-phase nonlinear Darcian flow equations. Using the proposed equations, a general-purpose, 2-phase, 3-Dimensional numerical simulator was developed, in which surface/subsurface air-water movement can be pursued under various hydrological/geological conditions. Its applicability is shown by the results of actual hydrograph matching and other example calculations.

Numerical Simulation of Surface-Subsurface-Coupled, 2-Phase, 3-Dimensional Fluid Behavior