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In this study, we investigated visual fatigue in i3D system and basic factors that contribute to visual fatigue in the system. i3D is a type of glasses-free display which supports elementary manual interaction of users with the display. In Experiment 1, we performed open-ended survey of visual fatigue and collected responses from observers which then were used as survey questions for visual fatigue. The questions were validated by factor analysis from which we derived fatigue measurement scale. In Experiment 2, we measured visual fatigue in various conditions using survey questions obtained from Experiment 1. Using manual interaction (present/absent), distance(1/2/4m), viewing orientation(0/28/56°) as three factors in within-subject design, we measured visual fatigue in each condition. The results indicated that visual fatigue deceases with farther viewing distance, but viewing orientation and manual interaction does not influence visual fatigue. Although fatigue unexpectedly decreased in an extreme viewing condition (e.g., distance 1m, orientation 56°), the results were obtained because of technical limitation of glasses-free 3D display. General discussion provides discussion on limits of the current study and suggestions for future research.

Glasses-free Interactive 3D Display: The Effects of Viewing Distance, Orientation and Manual Interaction on Visual Fatigue