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The incidence of anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, in human and animal population of Zambia has increased recently. In this study, 34 strains of Bacillus anthracis from soil, hippopotamuses and humans, isolated in the 2011 outbreak were analyzed using the multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. The analysis revealed that a single anthrax clone may have been involved in the epidemic. Considering the cyclical nature of B. anthracis, a link could be established with anthrax spores in soil getting ingested by hippopotamuses, followed by human contact resulting into an animal-human epidemic. These data confirm the importance of molecular typing methods for in-depth epidemiological analyses of anthrax epidemics.       Key words: Bacillus anthracis, hippopotamuses, variable number tandem repeat (VNTRs), epidemic, human.

african journal of microbiology research

Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis of Bacillus anthracis isolated from a human-animal anthrax outbreak in the Luangwa valley of Zambia