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The HCV, agent of hepatitis C, a virus belonging to the genus Hepacivirus of the Flaviviridae family, having a genome comprising a single strand of RNA. HCV transmission occurs via parenteral, such as blood transfusion and blood products, hemophiliacs, intravenous drug users or inhaled, material cutting or piercing can be a vehicle transmitter. The possibility of sexual transmission is still an open question and the transmission is also low, being, however, it may be increased if the patient has strong viremia and/or co-infection with HIV. The diagnosis of hepatitis C is based on serological tests such as ELISA and RIBA and molecular biology techniques. The ELISA detects antibodies against the virus anti-HCV, if the result is indeterminate confirmatory tests must be used such as RIBA. To confirm the diagnosis, we use a qualitative PCR RNA-HCV, and quantitative tests are used to evaluate viral-load, and they are also used to monitor therapeutic response. The nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT) results in a change of conventional laboratory methods, therefore, is quick to identify the “immune gap” period, approximately 50 to 60 days after contamination resulting from 10 to 11 days. The need for incorporation of NAT in blood banks is due to its ability to reduce the immune window period between infection and disease was discovered, thereby increasing transfusion safety.

A importância da tecnologia de amplificação de ácidos nucléicos para a detecção do vírus da hepatite C em bancos de sangue