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The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (BCCP) in Ohio provides screening and treatment services for uninsured low-income women aged 40 to 64. Because participation in the BCCP might engender greater self-efficacy for cancer screening, we hypothesized that breast cancer and survival outcomes would be better in BCCP participants who become age-eligible to transition to Medicare than in their low-income non-BCCP counterparts. Methods Linking data from the 2000 through 2009 Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System with the BCCP database, Medicare files, Ohio death certificates (through 2010), and the US Census, we identified Medicare beneficiaries who were aged 66 to 74 and diagnosed with incident invasive breast cancer. We compared the following outcomes between BCCP women (n = 93) and low-income non-BCCP women (n = 420): receipt of screening mammography in previous year, advanced-stage disease at diagnosis, timely and standard care, all-cause survival, and cancer survival. We conducted multivariable logistic regression and survival analysis to examine the association between BCCP status and each of the outcomes, adjusting for patient covariates. Results Women who participated in the BCCP were nearly twice as likely as low-income non-BCCP women to have undergone screening mammography in the previous year (adjusted odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.09). No significant differences were detected in any other outcomes. Conclusion With the exception of screening mammography, the differences in outcomes were not significant, possibly because of the small size of the study population. Future analysis should be directed toward identifying the factors that explain these findings.

Lasting Effects of the Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program on Breast Cancer Detection and Outcomes, Ohio, 2000–2009