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Background:  Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases enzyme are major sources of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics especially in  Enterobacteriaceae  such as  Escherichia coli  and  Klebsiella pneumoniae . Increasing frequency of the co-existence of ESBLs with AmpC-β-lactamases in bacteria is a serious threat for treating bacterial infections.    Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine the presence of AmpC and CTX-M types of β-lactamases in clinical isolates of  E. coli  and  K. pneumoniae  producing ESBLs.    Materials and Methods:  Resistance to different antibiotics was determined using the standard disk diffusion method. ESBLs, MBLs and AmpC-β-lactamases were detected by the combination double disk test (CDDT) method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine  bla   CTX  -M   genes in the ESBLs and AmpC positive isolates.    Results:  The prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC-β-lactamase producer isolates was 181 (43.8%) and 133 (37.2%), respectively. The prevalence of  bla   CTX  -M   among isolates was 61 (14.7%).    Conclusions:  Outbreak of isolates co-expressing AmpC-β-lactamases and ESBLs can cause serious problems in the future, regarding the treatment of infections caused by these common enteric pathogens.

jundishapur journal of microbiology

Characterization of AmpC, CTX-M and MBLs types of β-lactamases in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli producing Extended Spectrum β-lactamases in Kerman, Iran