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The objective of this research was to assess the feasibility of the use of highly corrosion resistant graphitized carbon (GC) as a support for Pt nanoparticles in polymer electrolyte fuel cells and to assess the role of the state of Pt dispersion in the maintenance of performance. Three types of 50 wt% Pt-loaded catalysts (commercial Pt/CB, Pt/GC and an in-house-prepared nanocapsule Pt/GC) were subjected to durability testing by means of a standard voltage step protocol (0.9 V↔1.3 V vs. RHE, holding 30 s at each voltage, 1 min for one cycle) at 65°C with H2 (anode) and N2 (cathode), and ambient pressure (0.1 MPa). The durability was estimated on the basis of either 3000 potential cycles (commercial Pt/CB) or 10000 cycles (commercial Pt/GC and nanocapsule Pt/GC). The current-voltage curves were measured initially and after certain numbers of cycles N at 65°C, 100% RH with H2 and air. The electrochemically active surface area (ECA) decreased with increasing N, particularly the commercial Pt/CB, which underwent severe degradation in the cathode. In contrast, commercial Pt/GC and nanocapsule Pt/GC showed slow ECA degradation, due to the high corrosion resistance of GC. Furthermore, it was found that the decrease in cell performance was smaller for the nanocapsule Pt/GC compared to that for the commercial Pt/GC by 10 to 50 mV, because the Pt nanoparticles of the nanocapsule Pt/GC were well dispersed over the whole GC surface. We also examined the changes in the state of dispersion of the Pt nanoparticles by use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

electrochemistry

Durability of Pt/Graphitized Carbon Catalyst Prepared by the Nanocapsule Method for the Start/Stop Operating Condition of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells