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Weld reinforcements play vital role in controlling different formation of inherent strains in the heat-affected zone in arc welded joints. It is desirable to have adequate weld reinforcements on both the top and bottom sides of butt joint such that shrinkage force effects of both the reinforcements would be cancelling the angular distortion. In this study, it has been established by experiments that acceptable top and bottom weld reinforcements can be achieved and angular distortion can be controlled in square butt joints through submerged arc welding (SAW) done from both the sides with accurate control of welding process parameters. Such process does not require use of costly backing strip and instead a flux bed can be used for the purpose. Modeling of the process was also carried out using 3-D thermomechanical finite element (FE) analysis. Moving distributed heat source, weld reinforcements on top and bottom side, weld deposition in each welding pass and temperature dependent thermos-physical properties were used in the thermomechanical analysis for predicting the temperature profiles and angular distortion patterns The numerically predicted temperature distribution and distortion patterns indicated close agreement with the experimentally observed results.

Experimental and Numerical Study on Effect of Weld Reinforcement on Angular Distortion of SAW Square Butt Welded Plates