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Fluorescence analysis has become a powerful and widely used technique among plant physiologists and ecophysiologists because its measurement bears a relationship to photosynthesis. Therefore, chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) measurements have become a method to study the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to environmental stress. Light absorbed by plants that does not drive the production of carbohydrates is dissipated as heat or re-emitted as light in the form of fluorescence. Every environmental factor deviating from the optimum constitutes a stress to plants. Consequently, any stress that affects the function of photosystem II and associated de-excitation pathways will have an effect on chlorophyll fluorescence. Measuring CF assesses the efficiency of both photochemistry and non-photochemical processes. This review uses published examples from the literature to discuss advantages and limitations of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II measurements to quantify and to discriminate the effects of various abiotic stresses upon plant growth and development. Resumo A analise da fluorescencia tornou-se uma tecnica poderosa e amplamente utilizada entre os fisiologistas e ecofisiologistas vegetais, tendo em vista a sua relacao com a fotossintese. Assim, mensuracoes da fluorescencia da clorofila tornou-se uma metodologia amplamente reconhecida para estudar o aparelho fotossintetico em resposta ao estresse do ambiente. A luz absorvida e nao utilizada pelas plantas na producao de fotoassimilados e dissipada na forma de calor ou reemitida na forma de fluorescencia. Qualquer fator do ambiente que se desvie do otimo constitue-se em um estresse para as plantas. Consequentemente, qualquer estresse que altere o funcionamento do fotossistema II e as rotas de excitacao associadas afetara a fluorescencia da clorofila. Medir a fluorescencia da clorofila avalia a eficiencia dos processos fotoquimico e nao-fotoquimico. Esta revisao utiliza exemplos publicados na literatura para discutir vantagens e limitacoes das medicoes da fluorescencia da clorofila utilizadas para quantificar e discriminar os efeitos de varios estresses abioticos sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas.

ambiência

Quantifying abiotic stress of plants - advantages and disadvantages of chlorophyll fluorescence / Quantificação do estresse abiótico em plantas - vantagens e desvantagens da fluorescência da clorofila