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Glutathione (GSH) represents the major non-protein thiol in cells and alongside with glutathione-dependent enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), exert several biological functions including the protection against free radicals and other essential metabolic reactions within the body. Disturbances in the homeostasis of this complex system may damage cells and can be associated with the development and progression of many human diseases. In this context, the immune and purinergic systems are also essential, since dysregulation in both systems may also be correlated with diseases. These two networks are closely related and control inflammatory responses, especially by the crosstalk of signaling molecules, receptors and enzymes, thus, they can exacerbate or slow down the progression of diseases. Based on this background, we aimed to provide a general scenario of the purinergic and immune systems and the connection between both and the modulation of glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes expression and activity in the context of health and disease.

Crosstalk between the Purinergic and Immune Systems: Implications for the Glutathione Antioxidant System in Health and Disease