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In this chapter, a hybrid modeling procedure of Li-ion battery modules is presented. From experimental results, the parameters of an electrical circuit have been determined by means of time- and frequency-domain tests. In this way, the dynamic behavior of the battery-pack is modeled. The tests have been performed at the whole battery-pack, instead of a single-cell approach, in order to consider the packaging effects of multicell devices. The real performance of the battery-pack under dynamic applications associated with distribution grids has been simulated using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental setup. According to simulation results, the hybrid model follows the battery-pack response with high accuracy.

Hybrid Modeling Procedure of Li-Ion Battery Modules for Reproducing Wide Frequency Applications in Electric Systems