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About 821 million people in the world are currently undernourished while world hunger continues to rise in almost all regions of Africa as well as in South America. Nowadays, about one billion people are suffering from chronic hunger and malnutrition, while it is predicted that world food production needs to increase by 70 percent by 2050, relying on a natural resource base that is reaching its limits and with climate change adding further pressures on agriculture and acting as a main driver of crop diversity loss. The good news is that a range of approaches and tools to overcome these challenges are within our reach. In other hand, neglected and underused crops, also known as orphan, abandoned, lost, underutilized, local, traditional, or underdeveloped crops and more lately often referred to as forgotten crops are being rediscovered. Scientists and policymakers are now beginning to recognize the value of so-called ‘orphan' crops, affirming what local communities have known for generations.  Yet these neglected and underutilized crops can help to increase the diversification of food production, adding new species to our diets that can result in better supply of particular nutrients, i.e. essential amino acids, fiber, proteins and vitamins. In this review, the state of art on how arrowroot, cowpea and cassava contribute as powerful sources of vitamin A is discussed in deep with case studies of Mozambique where the current population (30.5 millions –mid 2018) is predicted to more than double by mid 2050 (67.4 millions).

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From Neglected and Underutilized Crops to Powerful Sources of Vitamin A: Three Case Studies of Mozambican Cultivated Tacca leontopetaloides, Cowpea, and Cassava