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As part of an influenza pandemic preparedness program, the WHO analyses a range of zoonotic and potentially pandemic influenza viruses for the development of appropriate vaccines. Several vaccine candidates were prepared using classical genetic reassortment with the cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) (Len/17) master donor strain (MDS) which is licensed in the Russia for the production of the influenza A live influenza vaccine (LAIV) strains for adults and children from 3 years old. The nonpathogenic avian viruses of different subtypes - A/duck/Potsdam/1402-6/1986 (H5N2), A/mallard /Netherlands/12/2000 (H7N3), A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2), A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/1997 (H9N2) and А/herring gull/Sarma/51s/2006 (H6N1) were used for reassortant vaccine strains preparation. All vaccine candidates demonstrated high reproductive capacity and cold-adapted (ca-) phenotype in chick embryos. In mice, the LAIV of H5N2, H7N3, and H9N2 subtypes provided protection against re-infection with distant influenza viruses. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of H7N3 LAIV was also demonstrated in ferrets. The H5N2 and H7N3 vaccine candidates demonstrated inability to reproduce in chickens, which confirms the safety of their use in areas with highly developed agriculture. When tested in clinical trials, vaccine strains of H5N2 and H7N3 subtypes induce the conversions of antibodies against vaccine viruses and antigenically distant variants. The use of LAIV can be effective against highly pathogenic influenza viruses even in the case of incomplete antigenic correspondence between the vaccine strain and the infectious virus.

intech ebooks

Preparing Live Influenza Vaccines against Potential Pandemic Influenza Using Nonpathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses and Cold-Adapted Master Donor Strain