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Protein-fragment complementation assays (PCAs) are commonly used to assay protein–protein interaction (PPI). While PCAs based on firefly luciferase (Fluc) in cells or lysates are a user-friendly method giving a high signal/background (S/B) ratio, they are difficult to use in vitro owing to the instability of split Fluc fragments. As a solution to this issue, we developed a novel protein–protein interaction assay named FlimPIA using two mutant Flucs, each of which catalyzes one of the two half-reactions catalyzed by the wild-type enzyme. Upon approximation by the tethered protein pairs, the two mutants yielded higher signal owing to a more efficient transfer of the reaction intermediate luciferyl adenylate. FlimPIA showed many advantages over in vitro split Fluc assays, such as longer detectable distance, more stable probes, and higher signal readout in a shorter time period, and it also worked in cellulo.

intech ebooks

A Novel Protein-Protein Interaction Assay Based on the Functional Complementation of Mutant Firefly Luciferases: Split Structure Versus Divided Reaction