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The excretion of diand tricarboxylates by roots of higher plants represents a very ­efficient­way­to­acquire­phosphate­(P)­from­soils,­which­are­low­in­available­P.­Despite­ the­extensive­experimental­work­in­evaluating­the­effect­of­carboxylates­on­the­acquisition­of­soil­phosphate­in­the­fields­of­plant­physiology,­plant­nutrition­and­soil­chemistry­in­the­last­three­decades,­the­effect­of­root­excreted­carboxylates­on­soil­P­acquisition­ by­higher­plants­is­still­a­matter­of­debate.­This­still­ongoing­debate­has­its­origin­in­ methodological­ deficits­ in­ experiments­ and­ misconceptions­ considering­ the­ role­ of­ carboxylates­ in­P-fixing­soils­on­P­acquisition.­The­main,­often­ found­misconception­ is­ to­ assume­ that­ the­ parameter­ carboxylates­ in­ the­ rhizosphere­ soil­ solution­ is­ the­ most­ important­parameter­driving­ the­P­mobilization­by­ carboxylates.­Carboxylates­ in­ the­ soil­ solution­ are­ an­ easily­ degradable­ source­ of­ rhizosphere­microorganisms,­ and­carboxylates­will­induce­P­mobilization­if­the­carboxylate­is­adsorbed­onto­the­soil­ solid­phase,­ a­ step­which­ also­will­ reduce­microbial­ carboxylate­degradation.­Thus,­ often­realistic­concepts­to­quantify­the­effect­of­carboxylates­on­P­mobilization­are­still­ missing.­ Second,­ the­ very­ important­ parameter­ of­ carboxylate­ accumulation­ at­ the­ rhizosphere­soil­solid­is­often­ignored­or­is­measured­by­weak­extractants,­which­do­ not­allow­the­quantitative­determination­of­carboxylates­bound­to­the­soil­solid­phase.­ Both­ shortcomings­ are­ critically­ discussed­ in­ this­ chapter,­ and­ a­ experimental­ and­ mathematical­procedure­is­presented­to­evaluate­the­effect­of­carboxylate­excretion­on­ P­acquisition­by­higher­plants.

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The Excretion of Di- and Tricarboxylic Acids by Roots of Higher Plants Can Strongly Improve the Acquisition of Phosphate (P) by Plants in P-Fixing Soils