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The alarming growth of the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria and difficulties in treatment of infections have initiated a search for new antibacterial compounds and develop new alternative strategies in combating bacterial infections. Plant-derived compounds could exhibit a direct antibacterial activity and/or an indirect activity as antibiotic resistance modifying compounds, which, combined with antibiotics, increase their effectiveness. This ability of plant active substances reflects in modification or blocking of resistance mechanism so that bacterium becomes sensitive to antibiotic or the antibiotic acts when in lower concentrations. The systematic screening of plant-derived bioactive compounds, including those which can synergistically act with antibiotics, as resistance modifying agents represents a potential approach to overcome bacterial resistance. Therefore, the goals of this chapter are (i) an update of literature review on synergism between plant extracts and antibiotics, (ii) presentation of experimental results of synergistic activity of selected plant extracts and antibiotics and (iii) concluding remarks.

Synergistic Activity of Antibiotics and Bioactive Plant Extracts: A Study Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria