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This paper seeks to investigate human trafficking, migrant smuggling,, enslavement as global phenomena, public health concerns, gross violations of human rights,, crimes against humanity, the state. The twenty-first century slavery revolves around illegal control, including forced labor, debt bondage, forced marriage, slavery, slavery-like practices,, human trafficking. Thus, SDG Targets 5.2, 8.7 stipulated that immediate, effective measures should be taken by all concerns to eradicate forced labor- end modern slavery, human trafficking, sexual, other types of exploitation, as well as to secure the prohibition, elimination of the worst forms of child labor among others. The desktop approach was used to identify the varied forms of these menaces, their perpetrators. A wide range of secondary sources of data in peer-reviewed, edited conference proceedings, workshop proceedings,, published articles in local, international journals were consulted to obtain an in-depth appreciation of the problem being investigated. The paper further highlighted the psychosocial effects of human trafficking, migrant smuggling,, enslavement. The article concludes with recommendations for ending all forms of slavery in the global community in line with the Vienna Declaration, Programme of Action.

Twenty-First Century Slavery: A Psychosocial Exploration of Human Trafficking, Migrant Smuggling,, Enslavement in Africa