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Echinococcosis is an important zoonotic disease since the ancient times. Although many details such as the life cycle of the causative parasite, the mode of transmission, the risk factors and the distribution in the world have been investigated thoroughly, this zoonosis still persists as a major public health problem in many parts of the world. Economic or environmental problems are the main underlying reasons; however, it may partially be due to neglection. The World Health Organization included “echinococcosis” as one of the 17 neglected diseases in this 21st century. In this Chapter, one aim is to point up to the role of humans on the burden of echinococci due to changes in eco-system in all over the world. The other aim is to review the “echinococcosis and its causative agent” to draw attention and increase the awareness as well as to put stress on the preventive measurements that we, as humans, can/should take to control echinococcosis in the light of literature.

Introductory Chapter: Changes in Eco-System Change Echinococci - “One Health Concept” against Echinococci