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The dry vegetation of Ngazidja, Comoros Islands is very rich in biological diversity. However, it is the most threatened and least known in this islands of  Comoros archipelago. The purpose of this study is to provide ecological information about dry vegetation of the Ngazidja and to elaborate proposals for its conservation. Tree approaches were adopted for data collection: ecological surveys, ethnobotanical and socio-economic surveys. Several floristic, structural and soil parameters were processed and analyzed to characterize the sites. Five types of dry vegetal formations of this island are identified: the dry forests of Bangwakouni, Hamboda and Infoundihe, and the dry thickets of Singani and Domoni lambwani. fourteen (18) surveys of 10 transects were undertaken. The forests are well stratified and the trees does not exceed 15 m high, with deciduous leaves. The density varies from 500 to 800 individuals per hectare in forest against 310 to 165 in thicket. Ninety six (103) species, belonging to 46 families, were recorded in the these formations, including 70 trees and shrubs. Natural regeneration is good for thickets (315.18% to 383.67%) and the dry forests of Bangwakouni and Infoundihe (986.64% to 995.64%); but it is bad for the Hamboda dry forest (50.96%). Mesophantophytes, nanophanerophytes and lianas are the predominant biological types. Sustainable alternative solutions are proposed in order to improve the socio-economic living conditions of the population and the conservation of the endemic and indigenous biodiversity of the Comoros archipelago.

Phytoecological Study, Ethnobotanical and Dynamic of Dry Vegetation in the Ngazidja Island, Comoros Archipelago