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Pain is one of the most common complaints, yet one of the most neglected aspects of management in the emergency department. Optimal pain management is a nuanced skill which focusses on reduction of pain to an acceptable level to allow for safe discharge, return to normal activities, in addition to improving patient satisfaction, comfort during their stay in hospital. Adequate analgesia also improves physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure. The aim is improving rather than eradication of pain altogether while maintaining an acceptable level of adverse effects. This chapter will discuss assessment of pain in the emergency department along with various modalities of pain management with specific focus on newer modalities including ultrasound guided regional nerve blocks. Ultrasound guided nerve blocks are associated with better analgesia, have fewer chances of drug related adverse events, especially in older patients, those with comorbidities where large doses of systemic medications are associated with a significant risk of adverse effects.

Pain Management in the Emergency Department – Newer Modalities, Current Perspective