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The agricultural sector is an important part of the Indian economy. The sector is challenged by various stresses, leading to huge-loss in crop productivity globally and disturbs agricultural sustainability. Abiotic stresses are among the foremost ecological factors that hinder agricultural productivity globally. Several ecological stresses generate excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) either singly or in combination, leading to impaired redox homeostasis and cause oxidative stress. It further damages crops, affecting other bio-molecules, and hormones concerning with development. Therefore, sustainable and climate-smart agriculture (CSA) that uses plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is essential to fulfilling the demand. Various plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) have vast metabolic capabilities to alleviate the adverse effect of abiotic stresses. Herein we elaborate the effect of plant-microbe interaction on saline stress and their strategies adopted by PGPR to cope-up abiotic stress and helping the crop to sustain its productivity thereby mitigating the loss. By highlighting plant-microbe interactions in this chapter, we provide a roadmap for the community to use beneficial microorganisms in order to improve crop productivity. This chapter further summarizes the responses of abiotic stress in plants concerning molecular and biochemical mechanisms thereby mediated the saline stress.

Mechanistic Insights of Plant-Microbe Interaction towards Drought and Salinity Stress in Plants for Enhancing the Agriculture Productivity