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The increasing environmental problems nowadays, such as running out of fossil fuels, global warming, and pollution impact give a major impetus to the development of electrical vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs) to substitute for the combustion enginebased vehicles. (Howell, 2008; Tarascon & Armand, 2001) However, full EVs that are run with electrical device only are not yet available due to the unsatisfied performance of battery. The automakers have thus focused on the development of HEVs, which are operated with dual energy sources, viz. the internal combustion heat of conventional fuels and electricity from electrical device without additional electrical charging process. As a transient type, the plug-in HEVs (PHEVs) are drawing much attention of the automakers since it is possible for the PHEVs to charge the battery in the non-use time. In addition, PHEVs have the higher fuel efficiency because the fuel can be the main energy source on the exhaustion of the battery. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) may be the one of the first consideration as an energy storage system for electrical vehicles because of higher energy density, power density, and cycle property than other comparable battery systems (Tarascon & Armand, 2001) (see Figure 1). However, in spite of these merits, the commercialized LIBs for HEVs should be much improved in both energy storage capacities such as energy density and power density, and cycle property including capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency in order to meet the requirements by U.S. department of energy (USDOE) (Howell, 2008) as listed in Table 1. Figure 2 contrasts, on the basis of 40 miles driving range, the USDOE’s performance requirements of the anode in LIBs for PHEVs with the performance of the currently commercialized LIBs (Arico et al., 2005). It is clearly seen that the power density of currently available anodes is far below the DOE’s requirement although the energy density has already got over the requirement. Power density is the available power per unit time which is given by the following equation (1).

Towards High Performance Anodes with Fast Charge/Discharge Rate for LIB Based Electrical Vehicles