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1.1 Biomedical Imaging of Multimodality Three-dimensional (3D) biomedical imaging starts from computed tomography (CT) in 1960’s-1970’s (Cormack, 1963, Hounsfield, 1973) followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 1970’s (Lauterbur, 1973, Garroway et al, 1974, Mansfield & Maudsley, 1977). These anatomical imaging techniques are based on physical features of a patient’s anatomy, such as linear attenuation coefficient or electromagnetic interaction and relaxation. 3D biological imaging (molecular imaging or functional imaging), such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), was also developed in mid 1970’s (Ter-Pogossian, et al, 1975, Phelps, et al, 1975). They detect biological features using a molecular probe, labelled with either a positron emitter or a gamma emitter, to target a molecular, cellular or physiological event, process or product. So, the x-ray/γ-ray intensity from a particular anatomical site is directly related to the concentration of the radio-labelled molecular marker. Therefore, a biological event will be imaged in 3D space. Since the concept of hybrid PET/CT scanner was introduced (Beyer, et al, 2000), the coregistration of biological image with anatomical image offers both biological and anatomical information in space, assuming that there is no patient’s motion between and during the two image acquisitions. Other combined scanners, such as SPECT/CT and PET/MRI, have also been developed (Cho, et al, 2007, Bybel, et al, 2008, Chowdhury & Scarsbrook, 2008). Registration of biological and anatomical images at acquisition or post acquisition provides multi-dimensional information on patient’s disease stage (Ling, et al, 2000), facilitating lesion identification for diagnosis and target delineation for treatment.

Volumetric Image Registration of Multi-modality Images of CT, MRI and PET