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Within the human body, there is a vast array of uniquely arranged biologic structures. The elegance of these geometries is only matched by their equally varied functional sophistication. The harmony at which all components operate is truly awe-inspiring and from an engineering perspective, daunting to replicate. Yet in depth analysis of body tissues reveals a unique story. Many complex hierarchal structures can be deconstructed into simple recurring forms. Two ubiquitous geometries native to soft tissue are fibrillar networks and thin walled tubules. For instance, much of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that lends mechanical support to cells and tissues are fibrillar in nature. Vessels involved in either fluid transport or filtration are also high aspect ratio tubes of varying diameters. Furthermore, fibrillar and tubular themes are even found in hard tissues such as bone and cartilage. In this chapter, we describe how researchers are synthetically recreating three-dimensional matrix analogs for regenerative medicine. We first highlight the complexities and nuances of real tissue and discuss the challenges in designing, fabricating and implementing biomimetic scaffolds for implantation. Applications of state of the art research pertaining to soft tissues and stem cell work will also be examined. We finally address current technological shortcomings and provide strategies for recreating function-specific tissue/organ systems with appropriate biophysical parameters

Biomimetic Architectures for Tissue Engineering