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This chapter deals with description properties of a number of Rare-Earth (RE) ions in polymer materials. The list of the RE elements with some of its basic properties are shown in Table 1. The electronic structure of each trivalent RE element consists of partially filled 4f subshell, and outer 5s2 and 5p6 subshell. With increasing nuclear charge electrons enter into the underlying 4f subshell rather than the external 5d subshell. Since the filled 5s2 and 5p6 subshells screen the 4f electrons, the RE elements have very similar chemical properties. The screening of the partially filled 4f subshells, by the outer closed 5s2 and 5p6 subshell, also gives rise to sharp emission spectra independent of the host materials. The intra-subshell transitions of 4f electrons lead to narrow absorption peaks in the ultra-violet, visible, and near-infrared regions.

Optical and Spectroscopic Properties of Polymer Layers Doped with Rare Earth Ions