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Energy use rationalization and the substitution of fossil with renewable hydrocarbon sources can be considered as some of the most challenging objectives for the sustainable development of industrial activities. In this context, the environmental impact of recovered papers deinking is questioned (Bystrom & Lonnstedt, 2000) and the use of recovered cellulose fibres for the production of bio-fuel and carbohydrate-based chemicals (Hunter, 2007; Sjoede et al., 2007) is becoming a possible alternative to papermaking. Though there is still room for making radical changes in deinking technology and/or in intensifying the number of unit operations (Julien Saint Amand, 1999; Kemper, 1999), the current state of the paper industry dictates that most effort be devoted to reduce cost by optimizing the design of flotation units (Chaiarrekij et al., 2000; Hernandez et al., 2003), multistage banks (Dreyer et al., 2008; Cho et al., 2009; Beneventi et al., 2009) and the use of deinking additives (Johansson & Strom, 1998; Theander & Pugh, 2004). Thereafter, the improvement of the flotation deinking operation towards lower energy consumption and higher separation selectivity appears to be necessary for a sustainable use of recovered fibres in papermaking. Nevertheless, over complex physical laws governing physico-chemical interactions and mass transport phenomena in aerated pulp slurries (Bloom & Heindel, 2003; Bloom, 2006), the variable composition and sorting difficulties of raw materials (Carre & Magnin, 2003; Tatzer et al., 2005) hinder the use of a mechanistic approach for the simulation of the flotation deinking process. At this time, the use of model mass transfer equations and the experimental determination of the corresponding transport coefficients is the most widely used method for the accurate simulation of flotation deinking mills (Labidi et al., 2007; Miranda et al., 2009; Cho et al., 2009). Solving the mass balance equations in flotation deinking and generally in papermaking systems with several recycling loops and constraints is not straightforward: this requires explicit treatment of the convergence by a robust algorithm and thus computer-aided process simulation appears as one of the most attractive tools for this purpose (Ruiz et al., 2003; Blanco et al., 2006; Beneventi et al., 2009). Process simulation software are widely used in papermaking (Dahlquist, 2008) for process improvement and to define new control strategies. However, paper deinking mills have been involved in this process rationalization

Semi-Empirical Modelling and Management of Flotation Deinking Banks by Process Simulation