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Electric propulsion has been widely accepted for station-keeping and final orbit insertion of commercial satellites. NASA, JAXA, and ESA have all used primary electric propulsion systems for science missions. Electric propulsion systems have been recently developed with a significant increase in performance and ability to process large amounts of onboard solar power. While the use of electric propulsion offers significant performance gains, it is not appropriate for all missions, has limitations, and the trajectories have characteristics that may be counterintuitive to those unfamiliar with low-thrust trajectory design. This chapter describes recent U.S. technology investments in electric propulsion thrusters with emphasis on mission application and low-thrust mission design for interplanetary trajectories and geosynchronous transfer using primary electric propulsion.

Low-thrust Propulsion Technologies, Mission Design, and Application