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To cause disease, the infectious agent makes use of both invasiveness factors—the patho‐ gen virulence factors—and the ability to resist and evade the host immune system. The success of the infection process is the result of a complex equation involving pathogen in‐ teraction with the host, wherein the expression of several virulence factors (and not just one or the other) will favor the establishment of the pathogen in the host. Fungal patho‐ gens are frequently associated with biofilm formation. Biofilms are communities of microbial cells adhered to a biotic or abiotic surface and sur‐ rounded by an extracellular matrix secreted by the biofilm cells. Pathogenic fungi are ca‐ pable of forming biofilms inside patients, which is often related to invasive and drugresistant fungal infections. The most dangerous characteristic associated with biofilm development is the increased resistance of biofilm cells to antifungal drugs, which results from a multifactorial association of mechanisms. General properties of fungal biofilms, resistance behavior and its correlation with pathogenicity are discussed in this chapter.

Biofilm Formation as a Pathogenicity Factor of Medically Important Fungi