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This chapter aims to identify, among the dopaminergic and noradrenergic molecules strongly associated to aetiopathogenesis of the disorder, potential genetic and bio‐ chemical markers linked to ADHD diagnosis and to assess whether treatments can change peripheral levels of a biomarker, to be then useful, if tested, as a response pre‐ dictor. The results, based on literature research, evidenced a role of some molecules such as SLC6A3, DRD4, MHPG, MAOA, NE, SLC6A2, DBH, COMT that could represent, in this order, a hypothetical signature of genetic and biochemical markers useful for ADHD diagnosis. From this hypothetical signature, the NE metabolite MHPG result‐ ed, after a meta-analytic approach, the main molecule whose urinary levels were in‐ fluenced by the d-AMP treatment. Urinary MHPG levels were decreased after stimulants administration only in the responder patients, indicating that MHPG could be a useful predictor of the response to these drugs. This, along with the well-report‐ ed correlation between decrease in MHPG and behavioral improvements after d-AMP treatment, focuses attention on MHPG as a potential mediator of stimulant drug re‐ sponse, in addition to a potential useful biological marker for diagnostic assessment. Future studies on specificity, sensitivity and replication of these findings are needed.

Role of Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Systems as Potential Biomarkers in ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment