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Many navigation devices for blind or visually impaired individuals have been developed (There is a lot of researches. For example, Johnson, 2006, Velazquez, 2006). The creation of these devices requires the management of three critical research elements: first, detecting obstacles; second, measuring the present location of the blind or impaired individual for route navigation; third, method of informing the individual of direction and distance. Regarding obstacle detection, we expect this activity to be performed using robot technology for autonomous transfer. As for location measurement, recent studies indicate location can be determined via GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) or RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) to guide the blind or impaired person (Miyanaga, 2008, Jongwhoa, 2006, Ding, 2007). However, GPS cannot be used in underground locations or urban areas surrounded by tall buildings because of poor signal detection. In addition, many ID chips must be buried under the roads to allow the use of RFID so that location measurement using RFID is likely to be limited. To avoid these difficulties, we proposed a measurement method based on foot movement. We will detail this measurement method further in this article. Concerning the method of presenting information to the blind and visually impaired, we believe that the device should provide the individual with necessary information about the direction and distance of obstacles/destinations. Judging from the natural human reaction to sound sources, we hypothesized that humans grasp direction based on the position of the head. Consequently, we proposed a head-centered direction display method. Our previous experimental results show that human beings can comprehend directions simply based on head position (Asonuma, Matsumoto & Wada, 2005). Incidentally, other similar systems currently use speech audio to allow the blind or impaired person to determine distance, yet difficulty still exists for the individual to accurately assess distances from speech audio. For example, this type of system notifies the person that he or she must turn right 3 meters in front of him or her if he or she wants to arrive at an entrance. However, the impaired individual may not be able to imagine a distance of 3 meters due to lack of prior physical reference. Even though there are difficulties in assessing distance using speech audio, it is thought to be a better presentation method than a tactile sensation such as vibration, at least from the standpoint of training necessity. Thus, we are attempting to examine the optimal

Investigation of a Distance Presentation Method using Speech Audio Navigation for the Blind or Visually Impaired