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Austenitic stainless steels are selected for corrosion resistance to the atmosphere and a vast variety of chemical products. This resistance is related to the formation of a thin and adherent oxide layer (mainly Cr2O3), which protects the surface against aggressive environments. The most common austenitic steels are iron-chromium-nickel alloys and they are widely known as the 300 series [1,2]. These alloys usually contain between 16 and 30 wt% chromium, from 8 to 20% nickel and from 0.03 to 0.1% carbon. With increasing chromium and nickel contents, these steels become increasingly resistant to pitting corrosion. However, higher concentrations of these alloying elements result in lower carbon solubility and carbide segregation [3,4]. Heat treatments, whether intentional or accidental, may provoke carbide precipitation at grain boundaries, often by causing steel to become susceptible to intergranular corrosion. In order to minimize carbide precipitation and prevent sensitization, austenitic steels are frequently subjected to high-temperature solution treatment, commonly termed quench-annealing [5,6]. Pitting corrosion is observed in austenitic steels exposed to aqueous media containing chloride ions. This phenomenon almost always starts in anodic MnS inclusions and chromium-depleted zone adjacent to cathodic M23C6 (M = Cr or Mo) precipitates, and it progresses inwards in intergranular or transgranular direction depending mainly on the steel microstructure [7,8].

Morphology Characterization of Pitting Corrosion on Sensitized Austenitic Stainless Steel by Digital Image Analysis