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Effects of climate change on forest ecosystems and the mitigation of negative consequences to ecosystem functions and economic forest services are major challenges for current forest science and management [1-3]. Impact of climate change on forest ecosystems in Europe has been discussed controversially. It is generally agreed that increasing temperatures will lead to higher photosynthetic activity, faster growth and therefore higher forest net productivity, at least in large parts of central and northern Europe [4, 5]. However, increasing incidences of drought events and poor water supply are assumed to be limiting factors for tree growth in the future [6, 7], and the most productive coniferous species (e.g. Norway spruce) very likely cannot survive under future conditions in all parts of their natural range or cultivation area, respectively [8, 9]. This will have severe implications for forest management and the wood processing industry. For example, the financial effects of climate change due to biome shifts from productive coniferous forest to Mediterranean oak forests would result in a decrease of the expected value of European forest land between 14 and 50% [10].

Provenance Trials in Alpine Range – Review and Perspectives for Applications in Climate Change