English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Cell differentiation is a dynamic process that generates a functionally distinct cell from its progenitor. For example, human erythrocytes lack most organelles including a nucleus while erythrocyte precursors have a complete set of organelles. Autophagy plays a critical role in organelle elimination in differentiating erythrocytes. On the other hand, most other differentiated cells in the body do not lose their organelles, and would not seem to heavily depend on autophagy during differentiation. However, evidence indicates that these cells require regulated autophagy during the differentiation process. For example, during keratinocyte differentiation a basal cell detaches from the basement membrane and is pushed to the upper strata, and as the cell ascends its intracellular contents are replaced with copious amounts of keratin. Drastic changes such these require cells to eliminate or turn over a large amount of biomass. Differentiation also causes a shift in signaling and survival pathways. An example of this is the prostate gland where the luminal cells require PI3K for survival while the undifferentiated basal cells do not; they depend on MAPK signaling for their survival. As we will discuss below, several different cell types use and require the autophagic pathway to properly differentiate and survive. While links be‐ tween autophagy and differentiation are rapidly being identified, the mechanisms that trigger autophagic processes during differentiation are poorly understood. Genetics has served as a powerful tool for identifying the components of the autophagy machinery, but how they are integrated with cellular cues that trigger differentiation need further charac‐ terization. We will discuss the recently identified link between autophagy and cell adhesion, and its role in cellular differentiation and survival.

Integrin and Adhesion Regulation of Autophagy and Mitophagy