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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the four major cereals in the world. As one of the most important agricultural crops, wheat is a staple food crop for a large portion of the world’s population [83]. It is grown under both rain-fed and irrigated cultivation and thus under conditions subjected to many environmental stresses [68]. Unfortunately, its production is severely affected by adverse environmental stresses. Therefore, the identification and func‐ tional study of stress responsive genes will elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the plant stress response and tolerance, and will ultimately lead to improvement of stress tolerance in wheat [58, 83]. Abiotic stresses such as drought and high salinity lead to wide range of biochemical, physiological and morphological, responses in plants in the process of adaptation to these adverse conditions. These adaptations require a large number of changes in gene expression. Many of the differentially expressed gene products protect plant cells from damage, such as dehydrins, enzymes for the synthesis of osmolytes and enzymes for the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [3]. The production of these functional proteins is widely regulated by specific transcription factors [58, 65].

The Role of Transcription Factors in Wheat Under Different Abiotic Stresses