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After an introduction and overview of the state-of-art of electric vehicles (EVs) fleet and technology, this chapter addresses the bottlenecks on the take-up by the public of this technology, mainly: price of purchasing of an EV, their limited range (range anxiety) and long charging time. The chapter will also give an overview of battery, super-capacitors and hybrid power-pack (batteries plus supercapacitor) developments that in a near future will probably reduce these obstacles.In any introduction of a new technology the role of stakeholders (both public and private) is very important and they need to be defined and addressed. Because of the role of EV in reducing the level of ambient pollution in urban conglomerations, the chapter will also look to different efforts and programs that some stakeholders as for instance different municipalities and regional and national governments, are setting in order to actively support and stimulate the introduction of EVs.Finally, the chapter address how technical and non-technical developments will support the introduction of EV in the urban environment; it will also describe how better Total Cost of Ownership will translate into more business cases and how this will impinge in a more general electrification of public transport with the consequent improvement of urban ambient air quality.JRC.F.8-Sustainable Transpor

Present and Future Role of Battery Electrical Vehicles in Private and Public Urban Transport