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The brown trout (Salmo trutta) is a species of Eurasian origin, but at has become naturalized in many other parts of the world. It has an outstanding socio-economic importance, both in commercial and sport fisheries, and it is frequently used as tourist attraction [1,2]. The case of brown trout is a clear example of a ‘dynamic’ fish species, as its diet and feeding behaviour can vary greatly among individuals, age classes, seasons and rivers. The composition of brown trout diet is strongly influenced by environmental and biotic factors. For example, water temperature plays an important role, as it influences food intake and the activity of fishes [3], but also the emergence and activity of aquatic insects or other potential prey items. Also water flow rate can be extremely important for drifting feeders such as brown trout, as they regulate food availability. The are many abiotic factors that influence feeding behaviour, but in general, biotic factors such as the locomotor ability of fishes, accessibility, abundance and antipredator behaviour of prey are thought to be the most important factors in the determination of the diet and feeding strategies in fishes. Usually not all the available prey is consumed by the predator, a feature that allows biologists to distinguish between trophic base and trophic niche (Figure 1). The trophic base consists of all potential prey items that the brown trout is able to consume and it is determined by the feeding habits of the fish, the size of the mouth and the anatomical characteristics of its digestive tract. However, the trophic niche is the variety of organisms that are really consumed by the predator, which depends on different factors that play an important role when choosing criteria prey items as, for example, prey abundance, including site-specific

Ontogenetic Dietary Shifts in a Predatory Freshwater Fish Species: The Brown Trout as an Example of a Dynamic Fish Species