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Autoimmune diseases result from specific immune response to structures of the self. Such a response, resulting from activation of self-specific lymphocytes, is an inevitable side effect of the work of the immune system. However, mechanisms of central and pe‐ ripheral tolerance normally prevent damage to tissues of the organism, blocking activa‐ tion and proliferation of autoreactive lymphoid cells. Thus, it would be more accurate to say that autoimmune diseases result from breakdown of tolerance mechanisms that leads to chronic self-sustained response against the structures of the self. Autoimmune diseases should be discriminated from autoimmune reactions. The latter are associated with im‐ mune response against infectious pathogens and stop immediately after the pathogenic agent is eliminated. Autoimmune diseases are also quite frequently associated with crossreactive immune response to exogenous pathogens. In fact, such a link is implicated into pathogenesis of most of those diseases. However, autoimmune diseases continue to prog‐ ress even if the pathogen is cleared.

Common Mechanisms of Pathogenesis of Tissue-Specific Autoimmune Diseases: The Edited Model to Illustrate Those for IDDM and Multiple Sclerosis