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CD and UC are considered to be multifactorial diseases and the underlying pathological process seems to be a combination of genetic predisposition and immunologic disturbances. Being the largest surface in the human body and since it is constantly colonized by a highly diverse community of microbes that are in normal circumstances either commensal or bene‐ ficial to human health, the role of the intestinal microbiota in development of IBD has been thoroughly investigated over the years. It is now generally accepted that the commensal flora plays a central role in triggering and perpetuating the disease process. [1] Even though there are several logical arguments contributing to the theory that the intestinal microbiota plays a major role in the IBD development, the types of microbes involved have not been adequately described. Studies of experimental animal models of IBD uncover that the pres‐ ence of gut bacteria is essential in inflammation initiation and there is no disease onset in germ-free mice [2]. Furthermore, decreasing bacterial numbers in the intestine by using anti‐ biotics, can lead to clinical improvement and decreased inflammation in both humans [3] and animal models of IBD [4, 5].

Insights to the Ethiopathogenesis of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease